Geographical envelope of the Earth. Geographic envelope properties.

• Geography lesson in 6th grade
• Prepared by a geography teacher
• MBOU Kerch RK Secondary School No. 1 named after. V. Dubinina
• Zayarnaya Lyudmila Ivanovna

TODAY IN THE LESSON WE LEARN:

1. WHAT IS A GEOGRAPHICAL SHELL?

2. WHAT DOES THE GEOGRAPHICAL SHELL CONSIST OF?

3. PROPERTIES OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL SHELL.

BIOSPHERE

HYDROSPHERE

OUR

PLANET

CONSISTS OF

SEVERAL

SHELL-

SPHERES

ATMOSPHERE

LITHOSPHERE

All shells of the Earth are constantly interacting

and form a special shell of the Earth – geographical .

Borders

geographical

shells are expressed

fuzzy, so

scientists determine

them differently.

General power

geographical

shell is

about 55 km.

There is a complex interaction between the Earth's shells and

continuous exchange of matter and energy.

All the shells of the Earth that make up the geographic shell,

interconnected in complex cycling processes.

Geographic envelope –

origin of life on earth,

zone of active activity of human society

She has a series specific features .

The main ones are integrity And rhythm,

and continuity of its development .

Integrity of the geographic envelope –

the unity of the geographical shell, due to

close interconnection of all its components

components of nature

The rhythm of the geographic shell –

recurrence in time of natural phenomena.

It is mainly due to

space or geological reasons.

Due to cosmic reasons

rhythm daily (the change of night and day),

annual (change of seasons)

Geological rhythm leads to

At certain long intervals

time (hundreds of millions of years)

took place on earth mountain building cycles:

Caledonian, Hercynian, Alpine

lasting 200-240 million years each.

The geographical envelope as an integral system was formed and developed continuously influenced by the interaction of external and internal forces. As a result, the various processes taking place in it are layered on top of each other and form today's unique image of our planet.

• LIST THE COMPONENTS OF NATURE.
• WHAT SHELL PARTS ARE IN GO?
• WHAT IS THE GEOGRAPHICAL SHELL OF THE EARTH?
• WHAT IS THE CAPACITY OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL SHELL?
• GO includes:

• A) the entire lithosphere, hydrosphere and part of the atmosphere B) the entire hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, part of the atmosphere C) the entire hydrosphere, part of the lithosphere, part of the atmosphere, the biosphere D) the entire hydrosphere, part of the lithosphere, part of the biosphere, atmosphere

• LIST THE MAIN PROPERTIES OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL SHELL.
• WHAT DOES GO CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT MEAN?
• HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE INTEGRITY OF GO?
• GIVE EXAMPLES OF THE RHYTHM OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL SHELL.

Cosmic factors in the formation of the geographic envelope movement of galaxies
radiation from stars and the sun
interaction of planets and satellites,
impact of small celestial bodies
- asteroids, comets, meteoroids
flows

Astronomical unit -
average distance from earth to
sun:
1 a.u. = 149,600,000 km.
A light year is the distance
which light travels in a year:
1 St. year = 9.46 x 1012 km.

Our galaxy is the Milky Way

Consists of 150 billion stars, more than
100 nebulae.
The main chemical elements in
Our galaxy is hydrogen and helium.
The solar system revolves around
center of the Galaxy at a speed of 200220 km / s, making one revolution per
180-200 million years.

The solar system consists of a central star - the Sun, eight planets, more than 60 satellites, more than 40,000 asteroids and about

1,000,000 comets.

The sun is the central star of the solar
systems.
The diameter of the Sun is 1.39 million.
km,
The mass of the Sun is 1.989 x 1030 kg.
The age of the Sun is estimated at 5-4.6
billion years.
Main
substance,
generating
Sun,
hydrogen - 71%,
helium - 27%,
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, metals -
2%.

The sun emits two main
energy flow -
electromagnetic (solar
radiation)
corpuscular (solar wind)
radiation.

Electromagnetic radiation

propagates at the speed of light and
reaches the Earth's surface in 8.4 minutes.
In the emission spectrum,
invisible
ultraviolet
radiation (about 7%),
visible light radiation (47%),
invisible infrared radiation
(46%)
short
waves
And
radio waves
is less than 1% of the radiation.

Corpuscular radiation

charged particle stream
(electrons and protons) going
from the sun. Its speed is 15003000 km / s, it reaches
magnetosphere for several days.

solar system

General properties of the planets

all planets are spherical;
all planets revolve around the sun
one direction - counterclockwise.
axial rotation of most planets
going in the same direction
hour hand. The exception is
Venus and Uranus
orbits of most planets are close in
shape to circle

Asteroids (from the Greek astereideis -
stellar) - small planets
solar system They form a thin
ring between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
Comets (from Greek kometes - tailed)
small non-luminous bodies of the solar
systems that become visible
only when approaching the sun.
Meteors are the smallest solid bodies.
weighing several grams, intruding into
planet's atmosphere.
Meteorites - fallen to the surface
planets are celestial bodies.

Planetary factors in the formation of the geographic envelope

orbital movement and axial
earth rotation,
the shape and size of the planet,
internal structure of the earth
geophysical fields

Planet Earth

The earth revolves around the sun in an orbit
The average radius of the orbit is 149.6 million km,
orbit length 934 million km
perihelion -147, 117, a
aphelion 152,083 million km.
Orbital speed is 29.765
km/s,
the period of revolution is 365.24 mean solar days.
The planet rotates around an axis inclined to
plane of the orbit at an angle of 66033/22//, making a revolution in 23 hours.
56 min. 4.1 sec.
The moon is at an average distance of 384 from the earth
400 thousand km.

The average density of the Earth's matter \u003d 5.5 g / cm3 The volume of the Earth \u003d 1.08 x 1012 km3 The mass of the Earth \u003d 5.98 x 1024 kg; Earth area = 510

million km2
The mean radius of the Earth = 6371.032 km.
Equatorial radius = 6378.160 km;
Polar radius = 6356.777 km;

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It is inherent both in individual geographical objects in small areas (for example, a lake, a forest, a river floodplain, etc.), and in the entire geographical shell, which consists of many geographical complexes of different scales. A change in some natural complexes causes a change in others, which are interconnected with the first. For example, after draining a swamp, the groundwater level drops ...

Field, meadow), acultural (as a result of irrational human activity) and degraded landscapes, that is, those that have lost the ability to perform the functions of reproducing a healthy environment. The differentiation of the geographic shell into natural complexes is due to the uneven supply of heat to its different parts and the heterogeneity of the earth's surface (the presence of continents and oceanic depressions, mountains, ...

the use of natural resources and the preservation of favorable conditions for human life on our planet. 1. Geographical envelope The geographical envelope is an integral and continuous shell of the Earth, which includes the lower part of the atmosphere, the upper part of the lithosphere, the entire hydrosphere and the entire biosphere. Between the shells of the Earth there is a complex interaction, a continuous exchange ...

105 tons of molecular oxygen and bind 18.84 1017 kJ of solar energy transformed into the potential chemical energy of organic substances. The distribution of plant mass within the geographic envelope is uneven. It depends on hydrothermal conditions, topography, soils, etc. The bulk of land vegetation is accounted for by forests (82% of total reserves), although they ...