When you love, you discover such wealth in yourself, so much tenderness, affection, you can’t even believe that you know how to love like that.
The wise man loves to learn, but the fool loves to teach!
I'm done, gentlemen! said Mr. John Lund, a young member of the Royal Geographical Society, and, exhausted, sank into an armchair.
The desire to serve the common good must certainly be a need of the soul, a condition for personal happiness.
Behind the door of a happy person, someone with a hammer should stand, constantly knock and remind that there are unfortunate people and that after a short happiness, misfortune comes.
There are too many screws, wheels and valves in each of us for us to judge each other by a first impression or two or three outward signs.
Where art is, where talent is, there is no old age, no loneliness, no illness, and death itself is half ...
I must tell you that your headache does not bother me in the least. “And I wouldn’t worry if you suffered from it…”
Then a person will become better when you show him what he is ...
If you can't write, don't write.
Vodka is white, but paints the nose and blackens the reputation.
A person must work, work hard, no matter who he is, and in this alone lies the meaning and purpose of his life, his happiness, his delights.
Educated people respect the human personality, and therefore are always indulgent, gentle, polite, and compliant.
We must strive to ensure that everyone sees and knows more than his father and grandfather saw and knew.
A person likes to talk about his illnesses, but meanwhile this is the most uninteresting thing in his life.
He who is alien to life, who is incapable of it, has no choice but to become an official.
There is no national science, just as there is no national multiplication table; what is national is no longer science.
Science is the most important, the most beautiful and necessary in human life, it has always been and will be the highest manifestation of love, only through it alone will a person defeat nature and himself.
What we experience when we are in love may be the normal state. Love tells a person how he should be.
Do not calm down, do not let yourself be lulled! While you are young, strong, cheerful, do not get tired of doing good.
Doctors are the same lawyers, with the only difference that lawyers only rob, and doctors both rob and kill ...
Money, like vodka, makes a person weird.
Wonderful day today. Either go drink tea, or hang yourself.
The character is so undeveloped that it is hard to believe that he was at the university.
It’s even nice to be sick when you know that there are people who are waiting for your recovery, like a holiday.
Lies - the same alcoholism. Liars lie and die.
Marrying is interesting only for love; to marry a girl just because she is pretty is like buying an unnecessary thing in the market just because she is good.
A man is what he believes in.
Beware of fancy language. The language should be simple and elegant.
The administration divides into taxable and privileged ... But not a single division is suitable, because we are all a people and all the best that we do is the people's business.
The university develops all abilities, including stupidity.
Even in human happiness there is something sad.
Good weather. I don’t know whether to drink tea or hang myself.
One pain always relieves another. Step on the tail of a cat that has a toothache and it will feel better.
A person speaks nonsense when he is wrong and stupid.
Isn't the privilege given to Ivan to the detriment of Peter?
When a splinter gets into your finger, rejoice: "It's good that it's not in the eye!"
Only fools and charlatans know everything and understand everything.
And good, and sensitive, just incomprehensible.
The mockery of other people's suffering should not be forgiven.
The cheapness of Russian goods is a diploma for their worthlessness.
A person does not understand jokes - write wasted! And you know: this is no longer a real mind, be a man of at least seven spans in the forehead.
It is said that philosophers and true sages are indifferent. Untruth, indifference is paralysis of the soul, premature death.
Life has passed, as if it had not lived ...
A Russian person loves to remember, but does not like to live.
… When we love, we do not stop asking ourselves questions: is it honest or dishonest, smart or stupid, what will this love lead to, and so on. Whether it's good or not, I don't know, but what it hinders, doesn't satisfy, irritates - I know.
At all times, the richness of language and oratory went side by side.
Green eyes happen to fools or madmen.
The weather on Sakhalin is disgusting, conducive to tedious, unrestrained drunkenness.
... Whoever has experienced the pleasure of creativity, for that all other pleasures no longer exist.
You look at another creature - a million delights, and look into the soul - an ordinary crocodile.
In family life, the most important screw is love.
Nature has invested in Russian man an extraordinary ability to believe, a probing mind and the gift of thinking, but all this is shattered into dust by carelessness, laziness and dreamy frivolity ...
A woman can be a friend of a man only in this sequence: first a friend, then a lover, and then a friend.
Good parenting isn't about not spilling sauce on the tablecloth, it's about not noticing if someone else does.
Life is very simple! It takes a lot of effort to make it difficult!
Black eyes, lips with a bow - and in the soul - a real crocodile!
How sometimes unbearable are people who are happy, who succeed in everything.
What is incomprehensible is a miracle.
Please, gentlemen. Hang, so to speak, your ears on the nail of attention.
Smart, educated people are needed; as humanity approaches a better life, the number of these people will increase until they make up the majority.
The meaning of life is only in one thing - in the struggle.
It is necessary to educate a woman so that she knows how to recognize her mistakes, otherwise, in her opinion, she is always right.
Shakespeare is not the main thing, but the notes to it.
I can’t understand what I actually want, to live or to shoot myself.
It is necessary to put your life in such conditions that labor is necessary. Without work there can be no pure and joyful life.
If a person does not drink and does not smoke, involuntarily you begin to wonder if he is a bitch.
People who live alone always have something in their hearts that they would gladly tell.
What a great happiness it is to love and be loved.
Children are holy and pure. You can not make them a toy of your mood.
An idle life cannot be pure.
Let your imagination run wild, hold your hand.
You can reach convictions only through personal experience and suffering.
He who cannot take caress, he will not take and severity.
You never love loved ones as much as when you risk losing them.
The unfortunate are selfish, evil, unfair, cruel and less than fools are able to understand each other. Misfortune does not unite, but separates people...
If you are afraid of loneliness, then do not marry.
There is no object that would not suit a Jew for a surname.
I don’t want anything special to come out of me, to create something great, but I just want to live, dream, hope, keep pace everywhere ... Life ... is short, and I need to live it better.
Death is terrible, but even more terrible would be the realization that you will live forever and never die.
In this world, there is a lot of evil and all sorts of dirty tricks from the female sex. Not only we sinners, but also holy men were corrupted.
A woman is an intoxicating product that has not yet been thought of excise duty.
The higher a person is in mental and moral development, the freer he is, the more pleasure life gives him.
It is, of course, so-and-so, all this is wonderful, but no matter what happens.
While I did not love, I also knew very well what love is.
It's never too early to ask yourself: am I doing business or nothing?
A kind person is ashamed even in front of a dog.
People only drink tea, and a tragedy happens in their souls.
Aphids eat grass, rust eats iron, and lies eat the soul.
I believe that nothing goes unnoticed and that every little step matters for the present and future life.
Got into a flock - bark, don't bark, but wag your tail.
It is good where we are not: in the past we are no longer there, and it seems beautiful.
The fallen angel betrayed God, probably because he wanted loneliness, which angels do not know.
When there is no real life, they live as mirages.
Everything should be beautiful in a person: face, clothes, soul, and thoughts.
If you want to have little time, do nothing.
Truth and beauty have always been the main thing in human life and in general on earth.
The Russian person lacks the desire to desire.
It's not about pessimism or optimism, but about the fact that ninety-nine out of a hundred have no mind.
Happy is he who does not notice whether it is summer or winter.
The writer should write a lot, but should not be in a hurry.
Anger is a kind of cowardice.
We do not live in order to eat, but in order to know what to eat.
When people love each other, they do not quarrel, but calmly sort things out.
Women without a male society fade, and men without a female society become stupid.
If you want to become an optimist and understand life, then stop believing what they say and write, but observe and delve into it.
There are people who always say only smart and good words, but you feel that they are stupid people.
Becoming a writer is very easy. There is no freak who would not find a mate, and there is no nonsense that would not find a suitable reader.
My only illness is that in twenty years I have found only one intelligent person in the whole city, and that one is crazy!
These wise men are all so stupid that there is no one to talk to.
It can't be, because it can never be.
If a lot of remedies are offered against any disease, it means that the disease is incurable.
Mother nature is a book to be read and seen.
There is nothing so good on earth that in its original source would not have filth.
And whoever seeks salvation in a change of place, like a migratory bird, will not find anything, since for him the earth is the same everywhere.
Fortunately or unfortunately, there is nothing in our life that would not end sooner or later.
There are people whose intelligence can be correctly judged by their voice and laughter.
An ordinary person expects good or bad from outside, but a thinking person - from himself.
I respond to pain with screams and tears, to meanness with indignation, and to abomination with disgust. In my opinion, this is what is called life.
Salvation must be sought only in oneself.
It is not the one who does not know how to write stories that is incompetent, but the one who writes them and does not know how to hide it.
Only in trouble can people understand how difficult it is to be the master of their feelings and thoughts.
He drinks, sometimes he is rude - but what's the trouble? A talented person in Russia cannot be clean.
If people are drowned and hanged, - said Samoylenko, - then to hell with your civilization, to hell with humanity! To hell!
It is impossible to demand from dirt that it is not dirt.
Without knowledge of languages, you feel like without a passport.
The other day I watched "Uncle Vanya", watched and - cried like a woman, although I am far from a nervous person, I came home stunned, crumpled by your play ...
Maksim Gorky
On January 29, 1860, 155 years ago, the great Russian writer, the generally accepted classic of world literature, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, was born. Surprisingly, he originally intended to become a doctor, having graduated from the medical faculty in Moscow. It was during his student years that Anton Pavlovich made his debut as a writer when he sent his first notes and essays to the Dragonfly magazine.
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Over 25 years of creative activity, Anton Pavlovich wrote about 900 works, which were translated into 100 languages of the world. Chekhov's work is known and loved in every corner of the planet.
And in order to honor the memory of the great Russian playwright, we have collected for you a small collection of quotes from his work, correspondence or dialogues with other successful figures that will remind you how witty, concise, unique and fascinating Chekhov's style was.
- It's not about pessimism or optimism, but about the fact that ninety-nine out of a hundred have no mind. Nature has invested in Russian man an extraordinary ability to believe, a probing mind and the gift of thinking, but all this is shattered into dust by carelessness, laziness and dreamy frivolity ...
- The wise man loves to learn, but the fool loves to teach!
- Only ordinary, herd people are healthy and normal.
- Men's logic can never cope with women's.
- One pain always relieves another. Step on the tail of a cat that has a toothache and it will feel better.
- My advice: in the play, try to be original and as smart as possible, but don't be afraid to look stupid; freethinking is needed, but only that freethinker who is not afraid to write nonsense. Do not lick, do not grind, but be clumsy and impudent. Brevity is the soul of wit.
- He was married three times, and therefore had three pairs of the most beautiful, branched horns.
- It is not the one who does not know how to write stories that is incompetent, but the one who writes them and does not know how to hide it.
- The university develops all abilities, including stupidity.
- Loneliness in creativity is a difficult thing. Bad criticism is better than nothing...
- If your act upsets someone, then this does not mean that he is bad.
- ...behind the post office, the reputation of an institution that is scary to visit has long been established.
- Being an American, he was at the same time a man, and if he was a man, sooner or later he was bound to fall in love, which he once did.
- If you want to have little time, do nothing.
- The cheapness of Russian goods is a diploma for its worthlessness.
- Women without a male society fade, and men without a female society become stupid.
- If you want to become an optimist and understand life, then stop believing what they say and write, but observe for yourself and delve into it.
- If a lot of remedies are offered against any disease, it means that the disease is incurable.
- I saw a pretty girl at dinner and choked; then he saw another pretty one - and choked again. So I didn’t have dinner, there were a lot of pretty ones.
- We must strive to ensure that everyone sees and knows more than his father and grandfather saw and knew.
- What we experience when we are in love may be the normal state. Love tells a person how he should be.
- Wonderful day today. Either go drink tea, or hang yourself.
- A man is what he believes in.
- Even in human happiness there is something sad.
- When a splinter gets into your finger, rejoice: "It's good that it's not in the eye!"
- Only fools and charlatans know everything and understand everything.
- Life, in fact, is a very simple thing, and a person needs to make a lot of effort to spoil it.
- Children are holy and pure. You can not make them a toy of your mood.
- A kind person is ashamed even in front of a dog.
- Anger is a kind of cowardice.
Many of these quotes have become catchphrases. We often pronounce some of them, without even knowing whose authorship they are. Please, in memory of the great Russian playwright, share this material with your friends.
Genetically determined skin disorders in humans
If a great many remedies are offered for any disease,
this means that the disease is incurable.
As you know, the upper layers of the skin are constantly updated - old cells are replaced daily by new ones. Therefore, the skin cannot be "taken down" like an old dress. This process occurs due to the fact that the skin consists of two layers. The outer, outer, layer is called epidermis(gr. epi- "above", "above" and derma- "skin"). The inner, deep, layer is called dermis, or actually skin. It is here that the blood vessels pass and the endings of the nerve fibers are located. The dermis contains protein fibers collagen which give the skin elasticity and firmness. Below the dermis is a fatty tissue devoid of connective fibers - subcutaneous adipose tissue. Thanks to her, the skin is slightly mobile relative to the muscles located below.
The formation of the epidermis is similar to the construction of brickwork, with the difference that at the construction site new layers of bricks are laid on top of the old ones. In the epidermis, everything happens the other way around. The oldest cells lie on top, and new ones form below, at the border of the dermis and epidermis. That's where the stem cells are keratinocytes(gr. keras- "horn"), which in intact skin form a continuous layer. Keratinocytes are constantly dividing. As a result, some of the cells are on top of the layer of cells that continue to constantly divide. Having lost contact with the dermis, young skin cells lose their ability to divide and begin to produce a special protein. keratin, of which human hair and nails are mainly composed.
Dividing keratinocytes gradually push their relatives farther and farther from the dermis, and the latter, as if being on a crowded escalator, begins a long journey to the skin surface. At the same time, the cells of the epidermis gradually change their shape, becoming more and more flat. After two weeks, they turn into keratinized dead scales, consisting of almost one keratin. Once on the surface, the scales will separate from the body to give way to their neighbors, already rising from the depths of the epidermis.
The most curious thing is that the horns and hooves of animals, the feathers of birds and the scales of reptiles also consist of keratin! It's just that its molecules in the skin formations of other animals are organized in space somewhat differently than in humans. Biologists did curious experiments - they transplanted a piece of mammalian skin onto the surface of a bird embryo. At the same time, rudiments of feathers began to appear on the transplanted piece! This means that our skin cells can produce keratin in different ways. Therefore, there is nothing surprising in the fact that a person has congenital diseases associated with certain disorders of keratin synthesis. Let's talk about some of them.
Ichthyosis, keratoses and warts
An increase in the intensity of keratin synthesis by skin cells can lead to a number of diseases, which are usually combined under the general name keratosis. Often, the production of keratin is so intense that separate scales appear on the surface of the skin, vaguely resembling fish scales. This type of keratosis is called ichthyoses(gr. ichthys- "fish"). In medical reference books, you can find more than thirty varieties of keratoses, each of which is caused by its own reasons. Often these causes are not related to heredity, as, for example, in the case of keratosis caused by arsenic poisoning. However, some varieties of keratosis are clearly familial, hereditary, in nature. About them further and will be discussed.
On the palms and soles of the feet, the epidermal layer is usually thicker than on other parts of the body. Surely, there is more keratin per unit area in these parts of the body. The reason for this is very clear. It is the feet and palms that experience the maximum load when walking and working. You probably noticed that an increase in such a load causes a thickening of the already dense layer of the epidermis in response, up to the formation of hard calloused crusts. The boy, who has been running barefoot all summer in the village, steps on a pine cone and feels no pain; his entire foot has long been a complete callus. Consequently, our body can regulate the intensity of keratin synthesis depending on physical exertion on the skin. Sometimes this regulation fails. As a result, in some parts of the body there are zones in which the formation of keratin occurs intensively, always regardless of the mechanical load. An example of such a genetically determined defect is palmoplantar hyperkeratosis.
The manifestations of this disease are already noticeable in newborns, although the average age of development of hyperkeratosis is 5–7 years. Symmetrically located yellow-brown plaques 2–10 mm in diameter appear on the surface of the body, the color of which is precisely due to an excess of keratin. Usually plaques are visible on the heels and palms, although sometimes they appear in the area of the elbows and knees. It is believed that the disease is transmitted in a number of generations in a dominant autosomal pattern.
Sometimes in newborns, in some places on the skin, it is possible to notice asymmetrical dark spots, peculiar horny scales - acrokeratomas. Especially often they appear on the back surface of the hands and look like small nodules. In this case, one speaks of verrucous acrokeratosis(lat verruca- "hill", "hill"), which is also inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
Follicular dyskeratosis (Dariaer's disease), first described at the end of the 19th century, is also a hereditary dominant disease. It is caused by accelerated maturation of keratinocytes and manifests itself already in childhood. Keratinocytes maturing in the depths of the epidermis begin to intensively synthesize the horny substance even before they reach the surface of the skin. As a result, small dense itchy formations appear - nodules (papules), which most often appear in the area of \u200b\u200bthe hair follicles. Most often they occur on the face, palms and soles, on the chest and genitals. Gradually, the nodules increase in size and become covered with greasy scales. Nodules with a high content of keratin can merge with each other, forming more extensive plaques. In the armpits, inguinal or ear cavities, growths appear that emit an unpleasant odor. Whitish dots are often visible on the oral mucosa. Dyskeratosis affects the shape and structure of the nails. The nail plates become deformed and begin to crack (subungual hyperkeratosis). Sunbathing does not mitigate the course of the disease, but on the contrary, it only stimulates its development.
As mentioned, hair is mostly made up of keratin. Congenital superproduction of keratin by hair follicles, as well as an increase in the number of follicles themselves, lead to the appearance of so-called fawn bundles in certain areas of the body. As you know, Faun in Roman mythology was the god of fields, forests, pastures and animals. The faun was also identified with the Greek god, the goat-legged Pan, who was characterized by excessive, almost bestial, hairiness. The scientific name for tufts of hair that doesn't grow in the right place is congenital. hypertrichosis(gr. thrix- "hair"). Not very aesthetically pleasing, but not deadly. There are congenital keratoses with much more unpleasant consequences.
Intensive division of cells synthesizing keratin underlies the appearance of warts, which can be considered as miniature benign tumors. Usually they are clearly localized on the body and do not grow. In the cells that make up the wart, there is an increased synthesis of keratin and melanin pigment. Warts are common, pointed and flat. Genital warts are soft and painful to the touch. Sometimes they are found in groups, resembling a cockscomb or a head of cauliflower in shape. The size of flat warts is small, the surface is smooth: they barely protrude above the level of the skin.
Sometimes the appearance of warts and an increase in their number is the nature of the disease. Their total number can reach several tens. Often this disease is familial. In this case, doctors say warty keratosis. The role of heredity in the appearance of warts is not clear. In about 50% of patients, common and flat warts can disappear under the influence of suggestion and hypnosis. So, most likely, the cause of the appearance of warts should be sought not in the genes, but in the features of the nervous system.
However, it is believed that the occurrence of certain types of warts is due to a certain virus. In any case, it is known for sure that the appearance of warts in the genital area (the so-called genital warts) in people is a consequence of their infection with the human papillomavirus. Consequently, such warts can be “infected” like a common venereal disease, which usually happens if one of the partners has genital warts.
For the normal functioning of the skin, the correct ratio between the synthesis of keratin and the intensity of division and maturation of keratinocytes is important. With congenital erythroderma(gr. erythros- "red"), this ratio is probably violated. As a result, the patient's nails and hair grow rapidly, but at the same time they become thin and brittle. The skin is tightened, it turns red, and cracks appear on it. With a pronounced form of erythroderma, the skin begins to peel off with large plates, which sometimes cover the body with a continuous crust. Fortunately, this unpleasant disease is inherited in a recessive manner. Nevertheless, doctors still register the birth of children with this hereditary skin defect, which is also called lamellar ichthyosis(lat. lamiella- "plate"). The skin of a newborn is as if covered with a drying film of glue. It is no coincidence that such unfortunate babies are somewhat unscientifically called "collodion children" (I remind you that a type of glue was called collodion not so long ago).
An even more tragic picture is observed with congenital ichthyosis of the fetus, which is also called malignant keratoma. In this case, the scales on the skin literally merge into a solid shell, covered with deep cracks. Congenital ichthyosis is incompatible with life. So far, these children have not been saved.
A lack of keratin is just as dangerous to health as its excess. A typical example of such a disease is congenital dyskeratosis, which is often familial and inherited in a recessive manner. At the same time, white spots (leukoplakia), cracks and vesicles can appear on the mucous surface of the oral cavity, and a characteristic pattern resembling a mesh can appear on the skin of open areas of the body. A lack of keratin leads to nail dystrophy, or even to their complete absence (anonychia). Interruptions in the synthesis of keratin cause blockage of the tear ducts; perhaps their walls become too sluggish. As a result, excess tear fluid constantly pours out through the eyelids; a person has painful tearing. Keratin is found in the cells of the eardrum, giving it the necessary flexibility. Therefore, a consequence of congenital dyskeratosis are hearing problems. Cracks in the epithelium occur in the anus, causing the patient a fair amount of suffering. In men, congenital dyskeratosis often leads to pathological changes in the glans penis.
For the proper functioning of the skin, it is important not only the required amount of keratin, but also the way its fibers or plates are laid. You have almost certainly noticed how white stripes appear on your nails. They slowly move from the base of the nail to its edge at the rate of growth of the nail plate. Such white formations appear as a result of interlayers of air that occur between the keratin layers and plates that make up the nail. The reasons for the appearance of white spots on the nails of healthy people are not entirely clear. It is known that in some cases such a defect has the character of a chronic congenital dominant disease (leukonychia), with the maximum manifestation of which the entire surface of the nails becomes white. The second reason for the appearance of white nails in people is the excessive growth of the epidermis under the nail plate (pachyonychia). As a result, the capillaries of the dermis cease to shine through the nail, and it loses its pinkish color. Pachyonychia is often only one of the symptoms resulting from congenital disorders in the rate of keratin synthesis and division of keratinocytes.
It seems that keratin laying defects or failures in its uniform production also lead to such a congenital disease as moniletrix(ancient Greek monile- "necklace"). The name hints at a curious feature of the structure of the hair - they become like a rosary or beads. Thicker sections alternate with thin ones. As a result, such hair becomes brittle and split. Congenital anomalies have also been noted, as a result of which the hair shafts are twisted around their axis, like a pine trunk growing among the rocks on a strong wind blower. What exactly causes such a defect in the structure of the hair shaft? What mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels lead to the described consequences? What scope for biomedical research!
To be continued
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